Optimal Geometry and Motion Coordination for Multisensor Target Tracking with Bearings-Only Measurements.

This paper focuses on the optimal geometry and motion coordination problem of mobile bearings-only sensors for improving target tracking performance. A general optimal sensor-target geometry is derived with uniform sensor-target distance using D-optimality for arbitrary n (n≥2) bearings-only sensors. The optimal geometry is characterized by the partition cases dividing n into the sum of integers no less than two. Then, a motion coordination method is developed to steer the sensors to reach the circular radius orbit (CRO) around the target with a minimum sensor-target distance and move with a circular formation. The sensors are first driven to approach the target directly when outside the CRO. When the sensor reaches the CRO, they are then allocated to different subsets according to the partition cases through matching the optimal geometry. The sensor motion is optimized under constraints to achieve the matched optimal geometry by minimizing the sum of the distance traveled by the sensors. Finally, two illustrative examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A novel optimized hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent PID controller for an interconnected multi-area power system with physical constraints and boiler dynamics.

In the fast developing world nowadays, load frequency control (LFC) is considered to be a most significant role for providing the power supply with good quality in the power system. To deliver a reliable power, LFC system requires highly competent and intelligent control technique. Hence, in this article, a novel hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (FLiPID) controller has been proposed for LFC of interconnected multi-area power systems. A four-area interconnected thermal power system incorporated with physical constraints and boiler dynamics is considered and the adjustable parameters of the FLiPID controller are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) scheme employing an integral square error (ISE) criterion. The proposed method has been established to enhance the power system performances as well as to reduce the oscillations of uncertainties due to variations in the system parameters and load perturbations. The supremacy of the suggested method is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with some recently reported heuristic methods such as fuzzy logic proportional-integral (FLPI) and intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for the same electrical power system. the investigations showed that the FLiPID controller provides a better dynamic performance and outperform compared to the other approaches in terms of the settling time, and minimum undershoots of the frequency as well as tie-line power flow deviations following a perturbation, in addition to perform appropriate settlement of integral absolute error (IAE). Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the plant is inspected by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. It is observed that the suggested controller based optimization algorithm is robust and perform satisfactorily with the variations in operating load condition, system parameters and load pattern.

[Expression of CD10 in tumor-associated fibroblast of cancerized or recurrent colorectal adenomas].

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD10 in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) in colorectal adenomas and its relation to cancerization and recurrence of adenoma. Methods: Tissue samples of low-grade adenoma (n=50), high-grade adenoma (n=50) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (n=50) were collected, and tissue samples at the distal margin of corresponding colorectal lesions were taken as controls. The expression of CD10 in the stromal TAFs, and the expressions of ß-catenin, Ki-67, p53 and CyclinD1 in tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry (Envision). The correlation of CD10 expression in stromal TAFs with the expressions of ß-catenin, Ki-67, p53 and CyclinD1 in tumor cells was analyzed by Spearmen. One hundred samples of low-grade colorectal adenoma were collected, including 57 non-recurrent cases and 43 recurrent cases (16 cases of recurrent adenoma and 27 cases of recurrent adenocarcinoma); the expression of stromal TAF CD10 were determined and compared among groups. Results: There was no TAF in normal colorectal mucosa. The expression rates of TAF CD10 in low-grade adenoma, high-grade adenoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma were 22%, 50% and 78%, respectively (all P<0.05). The expression of Ki-67 and ß-catenin in low-grade adenoma, high-grade adenoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma was on a rising trend (all P<0.01). The expression of CyclinD1 in high-grade adenoma was higher than that in colorectal adenocarcinoma and low-grade adenoma (all P>0.05). The expression of p53 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and high-grade adenoma was higher than that in low grade adenoma (all P<0.01). The expression of TAF CD10 was correlated with the expression of p53, Ki-67 and ß-catenin-nucleus(r=0.264、0.307、0.320, all P<0.01),but not correlated with CyclinD1 and ß-catenin-membrane (r=0.012、-0.073, all P>0.05). The TAF CD10 level was significantly higher in low-grade adenoma with recurrence than that in those without recurrence (P<0.05).The expression of CD10 in recurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma was higher than that in recurrent adenoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of TAF CD10 is increased gradually in the process of adenoma-cancer, indicating that it may play an important role in the canceration of adenoma. Adenomas with high expression of CD10 TAF are likely to be recurrent and cancerized, and detection of TAF CD10 combined with p53, Ki-67 and ß-catenin may be of value in predicting canceration or recurrence of colorectal adenoma.

Experience of Octreotide Therapy for Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Neonates Born Small for Gestational Age: A Case Series.

AIMS: Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is common in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Diazoxide is often used as the first-line medication for HH in SGA neonates. Unfortunately, diazoxide is not authorized in China. We examined the effectiveness of octreotide as an alternative therapy to treat HH in SGA neonates. There is limited data on the use of octreotide in HH of SGA neonates. METHODS: Seven SGA neonates with HH who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2013 and December 2014 received octreotide at an initial dose of 5 µg/kg/day through subcutaneous injection at 8-hour intervals. Depending on the glycemic control, the dose of octreotide was increased in increments of 2-5 µg/kg/day every 3-5 days to the maximum dose of 30 µg/kg/day. RESULTS: The age of neonates with HH diagnosis ranged from 1 to 4 days. The maximum dose of octreotide ranged from 8 to 18 µg/kg/day. The duration of octreotide therapy ranged from 9 to 45 days. All patients had a clear glycemic response to octreotide, and no major adverse events were observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide may be a useful alternative therapy in HH of SGA neonates when diazoxide is unavailable.